AI is on everyone’s mind and the recent elections showed that data centers are often at the center of debates, with leaders from both parties having called for pausing data center construction… So I can't help wondering: “What are data centers?” “How do they work?” and “Why do they use so much water?”
Here is some information about data centers from The Pour Over...
What even is a data center?
It’s a house for (lots and lots of) computers. Data centers store, process, and manage the digital information behind websites, apps, and cloud services.
When you Google something, there are no magic sparks inside your phone. Your search pings a data center where a computer does the work, then zips the answer back in a fraction of a second. It’s the same thing with saving a doc to the cloud: it lives on a computer in a data center, not your laptop.
Data centers date back to the 1940s, when room-sized computers crunched numbers for the Army.
Wait, then why’re we just now hearing about them?
Short answer (literally): AI.
Data centers come in all shapes and sizes. The IT room in a hospital with a bunch of blinking computer boxes? That’s a data center! A small, on-site “enterprise” one. The huge buildings with rows and rows of tall metal cabinets humming, blinking, and surrounded by wires are hyperscale centers, used by companies like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon… and used to power AI.
Enter: the headlines.
AI requires an extraordinary amount of computing power, and the centers used to power AI put the hyper in hyperscale. They’re bigger, hotter (we’ll get to that), and more power-hungry than traditional centers. A typical AI data center uses as much electricity as ~100,000 homes, and newer ones could use 20x that.
In 2023, data centers made up 4.4% of U.S. electricity use, using about as much electricity annually as the entire UAE.
What’s the thing with AI data centers and water?
They be thirsty.
Traditional data centers are built with special fans and A/C to keep their computers from overheating, but AI data centers run even hotter, so many companies turn to water to indirectly cool them.
Similar to how your body sweats to cool itself off, water is used to absorb heat in the room. As it evaporates, it takes some of the heat with it. Unevaporated, cooled water can get cycled back through, but the system gets topped off by local water supplies.
A large data center using this method can consume up to 5 million gallons/day, roughly 7.5 Olympic-size pools or the home water use of a town of 10-50k people. Others use closed-loop cooling systems, which use less water but require more energy.
Critics say data centers strain water supplies in drought-stricken places (e.g., Utah) and drive up power bills while creating few permanent jobs. Supporters point to tax revenue, improving cooling systems, and the U.S.’s need not to fall behind in the AI race.
How do I know if I have a data center near me? You probably do, but if you wanna check, here’s a map.
Christian perspectives on artificial intelligence and data centers are diverse, shaped by a mix of biblical environmental stewardship, community care, and varying views on technological innovation.
It is true that scripture does not treat the centralization of human power as morally neutral. The Tower of Babel drew God’s judgment not because its builders used impressive construction techniques, but because they sought collective autonomy from divine authority — fusing technological ambition with pride. However, that warning does not condemn innovation. Throughout Scripture, God’s people build, cultivate, engineer, and govern. What Babel condemns is the assumption that human capability has outrun the need for moral restraint and accountability before God. Unfortunately, some strands of modern AI rhetoric edge uncomfortably close to that assumption.
Psalm 20:7 reminds us “Some trust in chariots and some in horses, but we trust in the name of the Lord our God". Every generation has its “chariots and horses” — the technologies that promise control of the future. Ours now include server farms, algorithms, and the industrial-scale data networks behind them. The temptation to treat technological capability as a substitute for moral wisdom and dependence upon God has never been a safe one. In this moment, it is a newly consequential one
Whether you’re thrilled by innovation or intimidated by new threats, live with joy and pursue holiness because believers already know how this story ends. Technology will never outsmart God or thwart His plan to renew and glorify all who are in Christ.
Yesterday I featured the Maybe God podcast. Here is a recent episode with world-leading chemist and scientist Dr. James Tour for a fascinating conversation about AI, Christianity, the origins of life, and what it truly means to be human...



